FIA Test Preparation Lecture #13
Geography of Pakistan
Rivers, Mountains, Passes, Lakes, Deserts, Climate, Borders, Natural Resources & Demographics
Top MCQs with Proper Lecture Notes
1. Basic Geography of Pakistan
Pakistan is located in South Asia. It has plains, mountains, deserts, rivers, plateaus, coastal areas, and fertile agricultural land.
Pakistan’s total population according to the 2023 Census is about 241.49 million.
2. Borders of Pakistan
Pakistan shares land borders with:
| Country | Direction |
|---|---|
| India | East |
| Afghanistan | West / Northwest |
| Iran | Southwest |
| China | Northeast |
Pakistan has the Arabian Sea in the south.
MCQs: Borders
1. Pakistan is located in:
A) Europe
B) South Asia
C) North America
D) Australia
Answer: B) South Asia
2. Pakistan shares its eastern border with:
A) Iran
B) China
C) India
D) Afghanistan
Answer: C) India
3. Pakistan shares its northeastern border with:
A) China
B) Iran
C) Oman
D) Bangladesh
Answer: A) China
4. Arabian Sea is located in the ____ of Pakistan.
A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West
Answer: B) South
5. Pakistan shares border with Iran in:
A) East
B) Southwest
C) North
D) Southeast
Answer: B) Southwest
3. Major Rivers of Pakistan
Pakistan’s river system is mainly based on the Indus River System.
Main Rivers
| River | Important Point |
|---|---|
| Indus | Longest and most important river |
| Jhelum | Important river of Punjab/Kashmir region |
| Chenab | Important agricultural river |
| Ravi | Flows near Lahore |
| Sutlej | Eastern river |
| Kabul River | Joins Indus near Attock |
MCQs: Rivers
6. The longest river of Pakistan is:
A) Ravi
B) Sutlej
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
Answer: C) Indus
7. Indus River originates from:
A) Arabian Sea
B) Tibet region
C) Thar Desert
D) Balochistan Plateau
Answer: B) Tibet region
8. Ravi River flows near:
A) Lahore
B) Quetta
C) Gwadar
D) Skardu
Answer: A) Lahore
9. Kabul River joins Indus near:
A) Attock
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Multan
Answer: A) Attock
10. The Indus River finally falls into:
A) Bay of Bengal
B) Arabian Sea
C) Caspian Sea
D) Red Sea
Answer: B) Arabian Sea
4. Mountain Ranges and Mountains
Pakistan has some of the world’s highest mountains.
Major Mountain Ranges
| Mountain Range | Location |
|---|---|
| Himalayas | North/Northeast |
| Karakoram | Gilgit-Baltistan |
| Hindu Kush | North/Northwest |
| Sulaiman Range | Balochistan/KP |
| Salt Range | Punjab |
| Kirthar Range | Sindh/Balochistan |
Important Mountains
| Mountain | Important Fact |
|---|---|
| K2 | Highest peak of Pakistan |
| Nanga Parbat | Known as Killer Mountain |
| Tirich Mir | Highest peak of Hindu Kush |
| Rakaposhi | Famous peak in Gilgit-Baltistan |
MCQs: Mountains
11. Highest peak of Pakistan is:
A) Nanga Parbat
B) K2
C) Tirich Mir
D) Rakaposhi
Answer: B) K2
12. K2 is located in:
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram Range
C) Salt Range
D) Kirthar Range
Answer: B) Karakoram Range
13. Nanga Parbat is also called:
A) Queen Mountain
B) Killer Mountain
C) Black Mountain
D) Blue Mountain
Answer: B) Killer Mountain
14. Tirich Mir is the highest peak of:
A) Hindu Kush
B) Karakoram
C) Salt Range
D) Sulaiman Range
Answer: A) Hindu Kush
15. Salt Range is located mainly in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
Answer: A) Punjab
5. Important Passes
Passes are natural routes through mountains.
| Pass | Connects / Location |
|---|---|
| Khyber Pass | Pakistan with Afghanistan |
| Khunjerab Pass | Pakistan with China |
| Bolan Pass | Balochistan |
| Lowari Pass | Chitral region |
| Babusar Pass | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa/Gilgit-Baltistan route |
MCQs: Passes
16. Khyber Pass connects Pakistan with:
A) India
B) China
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran
Answer: C) Afghanistan
17. Khunjerab Pass connects Pakistan with:
A) China
B) Iran
C) India
D) Afghanistan
Answer: A) China
18. Bolan Pass is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Kashmir
Answer: C) Balochistan
19. Lowari Pass is associated with:
A) Chitral
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Thar
Answer: A) Chitral
20. Khunjerab Pass is located on:
A) Pakistan-China route
B) Pakistan-India route
C) Pakistan-Iran route
D) Pakistan-Sindh route
Answer: A) Pakistan-China route
6. Lakes of Pakistan
Pakistan has many natural and artificial lakes.
| Lake | Location |
|---|---|
| Manchar Lake | Sindh |
| Saiful Muluk Lake | Kaghan Valley |
| Attabad Lake | Hunza |
| Hanna Lake | Quetta |
| Keenjhar Lake | Sindh |
| Rawal Lake | Islamabad |
| Satpara Lake | Skardu |
MCQs: Lakes
21. Manchar Lake is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) KP
D) Balochistan
Answer: B) Sindh
22. Saiful Muluk Lake is located in:
A) Kaghan Valley
B) Thar Desert
C) Karachi
D) Multan
Answer: A) Kaghan Valley
23. Attabad Lake is located in:
A) Hunza
B) Lahore
C) Hyderabad
D) Quetta
Answer: A) Hunza
24. Hanna Lake is near:
A) Quetta
B) Lahore
C) Sialkot
D) Karachi
Answer: A) Quetta
25. Rawal Lake is located in:
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Sukkur
D) Faisalabad
Answer: A) Islamabad
7. Deserts of Pakistan
Pakistan has several deserts.
| Desert | Province |
|---|---|
| Thar Desert | Sindh |
| Cholistan Desert | Punjab |
| Thal Desert | Punjab |
| Kharan Desert | Balochistan |
| Katpana Cold Desert | Gilgit-Baltistan |
MCQs: Deserts
26. Thar Desert is located mainly in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) KP
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
Answer: A) Sindh
27. Cholistan Desert is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Islamabad
Answer: A) Punjab
28. Kharan Desert is located in:
A) Balochistan
B) Punjab
C) Sindh
D) KP
Answer: A) Balochistan
29. Thal Desert is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Kashmir
Answer: A) Punjab
30. Katpana Cold Desert is near:
A) Skardu
B) Karachi
C) Multan
D) Hyderabad
Answer: A) Skardu
8. Climate of Pakistan
Pakistan has different climates because of mountains, plains, deserts, and coastal areas.
Main Climate Types
| Area | Climate |
|---|---|
| Northern areas | Cold / mountainous |
| Punjab and Sindh plains | Hot summers, mild winters |
| Balochistan | Dry and arid |
| Coastal areas | Moderate and humid |
| Desert areas | Hot and dry |
MCQs: Climate
31. Pakistan mostly has:
A) Tropical rainforest climate
B) Dry and semi-arid climate in many areas
C) Polar climate only
D) Snowy climate everywhere
Answer: B) Dry and semi-arid climate in many areas
32. Monsoon rains usually occur in Pakistan during:
A) Summer
B) Winter
C) Spring only
D) Autumn only
Answer: A) Summer
33. Coastal climate of Karachi is influenced by:
A) Arabian Sea
B) Himalayas only
C) Thar Desert only
D) Salt Range only
Answer: A) Arabian Sea
34. Northern areas of Pakistan are generally:
A) Cold and mountainous
B) Completely desert
C) Tropical forest only
D) Coastal only
Answer: A) Cold and mountainous
35. Balochistan has mostly:
A) Dry climate
B) Rainforest climate
C) Coastal climate only
D) Snow all year everywhere
Answer: A) Dry climate
9. Natural Resources
Pakistan has many natural resources such as minerals, gas, coal, salt, fertile land, forests, rivers, and fisheries.
Important Resources
| Resource | Location / Use |
|---|---|
| Natural gas | Sui, Balochistan |
| Coal | Thar, Sindh |
| Salt | Khewra, Punjab |
| Copper and gold | Reko Diq, Balochistan |
| Fertile land | Punjab and Sindh plains |
| Fisheries | Coastal areas of Sindh and Balochistan |
MCQs: Natural Resources
36. Sui gas field is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KP
Answer: C) Balochistan
37. Thar coal is located in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) KP
D) Islamabad
Answer: A) Sindh
38. Khewra Salt Mine is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
Answer: A) Punjab
39. Reko Diq is famous for:
A) Copper and gold
B) Rice
C) Cotton
D) Tea
Answer: A) Copper and gold
40. Pakistan’s fertile plains are mainly formed by:
A) Indus River System
B) Kirthar Range only
C) Thar Desert only
D) Arabian Sea only
Answer: A) Indus River System
10. Demographics of Pakistan
Demographics means population-related information such as population size, density, languages, urban-rural population, and age structure.
Pakistan’s 2023 Census recorded the population at about 241.49 million. Punjab is the most populous province, while Balochistan is the largest province by area.
MCQs: Demographics
41. According to the 2023 Census, Pakistan’s population is about:
A) 141 million
B) 181 million
C) 241 million
D) 301 million
Answer: C) 241 million
42. Most populous province of Pakistan is:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) KP
Answer: B) Punjab
43. Largest province of Pakistan by area is:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KP
Answer: C) Balochistan
44. Largest city of Pakistan by population is:
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Quetta
D) Peshawar
Answer: B) Karachi
45. Capital of Pakistan is:
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Multan
Answer: C) Islamabad
46. National language of Pakistan is:
A) Urdu
B) Punjabi
C) Sindhi
D) Pashto
Answer: A) Urdu
47. Official language of Pakistan includes:
A) English
B) French
C) German
D) Chinese only
Answer: A) English
48. Punjab is famous for:
A) Fertile plains and agriculture
B) Only deserts
C) Only coastal areas
D) Only glaciers
Answer: A) Fertile plains and agriculture
49. Sindh has an important seaport city named:
A) Karachi
B) Sialkot
C) Abbottabad
D) Murree
Answer: A) Karachi
50. Gilgit-Baltistan is famous for:
A) High mountains and glaciers
B) Sea ports
C) Cotton fields only
D) Oil refineries only
Answer: A) High mountains and glaciers
Quick Revision Table
| Topic | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Longest river | Indus |
| Highest peak | K2 |
| Famous pass to Afghanistan | Khyber Pass |
| Pass to China | Khunjerab Pass |
| Largest desert | Thar Desert |
| Major coal area | Thar, Sindh |
| Famous salt mine | Khewra |
| Natural gas field | Sui, Balochistan |
| Largest province by area | Balochistan |
| Most populous province | Punjab |
| Largest city | Karachi |
| Capital | Islamabad |
| 2023 population | About 241.49 million |
Common Mistakes
| Confusion | Correct Fact |
|---|---|
| K2 is in Himalayas | K2 is in Karakoram |
| Khyber Pass connects China | Khyber Pass connects Afghanistan |
| Khunjerab Pass connects Afghanistan | Khunjerab Pass connects China |
| Gwadar is in Sindh | Gwadar is in Balochistan |
| Karachi is capital of Pakistan | Islamabad is capital |
| Balochistan is most populous | Punjab is most populous |
| Punjab is largest by area | Balochistan is largest by area |
Homework MCQs
1. Longest river of Pakistan is:
A) Ravi
B) Indus
C) Chenab
D) Sutlej
Answer: B) Indus
2. K2 is located in:
A) Karakoram
B) Salt Range
C) Sulaiman Range
D) Kirthar Range
Answer: A) Karakoram
3. Khyber Pass connects Pakistan with:
A) China
B) Afghanistan
C) India
D) Iran
Answer: B) Afghanistan
4. Sui gas field is in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KP
Answer: C) Balochistan
5. Pakistan’s capital is:
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Quetta
Answer: C) Islamabad
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